R-PLUS R-Lipoic Acid (120 count)

Brand new sealed gel-caps now shipping.

R-PLUS is a combination of 75mg R-Lipoic Acid and 75mg of R-Dihydrolipoic Acid. Perfect for those seeking a superbly bioavailable RLA and RDHLA. Plasma level is optimised by use of the proprietary MCT transport, found in no other lipoic product in the world. Does not contain the Delta-Tocotrienol found in Mito-GOLD.

Evidence suggests that lipoic acid is actually a low-level stressor that turns on the basic cellular defenses of the body, including some of those that naturally decline with age. In particular, it tends to restore levels of glutathione, a protective antioxidant and detoxification compound. With age, glutathione levels naturally decline, making us more susceptible to both free radicals and other environmental toxins.

RLA also acts as a strong anti-inflammatory agent, which is relevant to many degenerative diseases.

R-lipoic acid appears to help restore a cellular 'signaling' process that tends to break down in older blood vessels. It reduces mitochondrial decay in cells, which is closely linked to the symptoms of aging. Safe and effective, the most common side effect of R-PLUS is a sense of increased energy and vitality.

GeroNova’s liquid filled gel-capsule, R-PLUS® contains R-lipoic acid (RLA) and its reduced form, R-dihydrolipoic acid (R-DHLA) in a unique, mitochondrially targeted formula. This proprietary formulation is one of the most potent, safe and effective antioxidant supplements available.

Supplement Facts:
Serving Size: 1 capsule
Servings Per Container: 120

Amt per serving % Daily Value
R-Lipoic Acid 75mg *
R-Dihydrolipoic Acid 75mg *
Medium Chain Triglycerides

Contains no wheat, yeast, corn,milk, soy, glutans, artificial colors, sugar, starch, binders, excipients, hydrogenated oils or preservatives.
Other Ingredients: non-vertebrae gelatin (capsule).

Store tightly in a cool dry area.

Dosage Optimal dose is 2-4 capsules per day.

If taken together with Acetyl-L-Carnitine research shows you will experience additional anti-aging effect.

R-PLUS™ can work synergistically with other cholesterol lowering medications.

With the high price of R-lipoic acid, it is essential that your R-lipoic acid supplement be efficient and cost effective. R-lipoic acid is inherently difficult to absorb.

It is not practical or effective to use high doses to overcome low absorption rates of unstabilized 'raw' R-lipoic acid. R-PLUS is stabilized, with higher absorption rates and bio-availability to deliver superior clinical outcomes with more cost efficiency than other forms of RLA on the market today.

For anti-aging purposes, we recommend a total of 400-600mg of R-lipoic acid per day as optimal.

Contraindications: Individuals undergoing chemotherapy or taking anti-diabetes drugs or who are glucose-intolerant should check with their healthcare professional before taking R-PLUS™.

Want to learn more about the science behind this revolutionary product?

It is critical to know that the key to success with any supplement, is the amount of material that is actually absorbed by your body, and, how long it is sustained in the plasma. This is called bioavailability and plasma level optimization. In this regard GeroNova's formulation has no peer.

Also be aware that R-Lipoic Acid and R-DiHydro Lipoic Acid are believed to be far superior to simple alpha-lipoic acid. R-lipoic acid / R-Dihydrolipoic acid function together as a powerful antioxidant pair with the ability to

• Quench numerous types of dangerous free radicals in both the lipid and water-soluble portions of tissues and cells.
• Reduce oxidized vitamins C, E, glutathione and CoQ10 back to their active forms.

R-lipoic acid / R-dihydrolipoic acid are

• Neuroprotective
• Help control blood sugar
• Increase ATP levels (raise energy naturally).
• Chelate heavy metals.
• Reverse enzyme and DNA oxidative damage.
• Cross the blood brain barrier.

• Increase G.I. absorption.
• Increase and optimize plasma levels.
• Increase bioavailability of R-Lipoic Acid permitting its entry into the mitochondria to bind with critical enzymes.

R-Lipoic Acid (the R (+) enantiomer) is the pure form found in nature and the human body that is responsible for most of alpha-lipoic acid's beneficial effects.

RLA significantly reduces inflammation, an underlying cause of the degenerative diseases of aging and has been claimed to be more potent by a factor of 10 over commercial ALA. (1)

RLA increases cellular and mitochondrial antioxidant activity and prevents mitochondrial decay. This effectively attenuates the reported increase in oxidative stress with aging. (2)

R Lipoic Acid improves memory, reverses cognitive dysfunction, and protects the brain from neurodegeneration associated with aging. (2, 3)

R Lipoic Acid has been proven to significantly increase insulin sensitivity, enhance glucose transport, increase metabolic rate and reduce the gain in body fat from aging. (4, 5)

R Lipoic Acid is proven to protect body fats against oxidative damage and reverses stress damage in the heart. (6)

R Lipoic Acid has insulin-mimetic effects in glucose uptake in insulin resistant cells. (7)

R Lipoic Acid significantly increases or maintain levels of other antioxidants including Coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione. (6, 8)

See more information on R Lipoic Acid

R-Dihydrolipoic Acid (R-DHLA)

R-DHLA is the reduced form of RLA and is the more powerful anti-oxidant of the redox couple (RLA/R-DHLA).

R-DHLA reacts with a free radical and is oxidized back to RLA which is then subsequently reduced using cellular reducing equivalents (NADH or NADPH) back to R-DHLA, thus continuing the redox cycle.

Many of the properties attributed to RLA are, in fact, due to its reduced form, R-DHLA.

R-DHLA (and not RLA) reduces ascorbyl radicals, scavenges hypochlorous acid and peroxyl radicals and probably scavenges hydroxyl radicals. (1)

R-DHLA enhances the antioxidant potency and regenerates ascorbate and (indirectly) vitamin E from their radical forms. (1, 2)

R-DHLA is believed to prevent lipid peroxidation by reducing glutathione.

Medium-Chain Triglycerides

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are fats that contain 6-12 carbon fatty acids, as opposed to long chain triglycerides - LCT, those generally found in the diet, which contain more than 12 carbons per fatty acid and are the major storage form of fat in the human body.

MCT are found naturally in milkfat, palm oil and coconut oil.

MCT are treated by the body quite differently from conventional dietary fats, the LCT.

Most fats are broken down in the intestine and remade into a form (LCFA) that can be transported in the blood, but MCT are absorbed intact and taken to the liver and muscle, where they are used directly for energy. In this sense, they are processed very similarly to carbohydrates.

In comparison to LCT, MCT are readily broken down into glycerol and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and the resulting MCFA are faster absorbed into the gastrointestinal cells than free long chain fatty acids (LCFA). In fact, while the process of digestion and absorption of LCT can take 3-4 hours, MCFA can appear in the circulation within several minutes of consumption.

Unlike LCFA, MCFA are not as dependent upon the L-Carnitine shuttle system for entry into the mitochondria, where fat breakdown occurs; therefore this does not represent a limiting step in their metabolism.

MCT therefore represent a readily available energy source to the body. In fact, MCT have double the energy value (calories) of carbohydrates, but contain fewer calories than conventional fats and easily digested and not stored in fat deposits.

Recent human studies also suggest that MCT may have a role to play in weight management.

MCT have the additional benefit of protecting the liver and gut from various toxins.

From preclinical studies, it has been suggested that the hepatic uptake of lipoic acid may be carrier-mediated and selectively inhibited by MCFA, allowing higher levels of RLA to reach the plasma and tissues.

References

Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease Prevention. Kramer K, Packer L. R-alpha-lipoic acid. In: Kramer K, Hoppe P, Packer L, eds. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2001:129-164.
Enantioselective pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of different racemic a-lipoic acid formulations in healthy volunteers. Hermann R, Niebch G, Borbe HO, et al. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1996;4:167-174.
Differential effects of lipoic acid stereoisomers on glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. Streeper RS, Henriksen EJ, Jacob S, Hokama JY, Fogt DL, Tritschler HJ. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(1 Pt 1):E185-191.
Stereospecific effects of R-lipoic acid on buthionine sulfoximine-induced cataract formation in newborn rats. Maitra I, Serbinova E, Tritschler HJ, Packer L. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;221(2):422-429.
Therapeutic Potential of a-Lipoic Acid: Molecular Aspects. Chandan K. Sen, Sashwati Roy and Lester Packer in Oxidative Stress, Cancer, AIDS and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Eds. L. Montagnier, R. Olivier, C. Pasquier. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, in press 1996
Pre-treatment with R-lipoic acid alleviates the effects of GSH depletion in PC12 cells: implications for Parkinson's disease therapy. Bharat S, Cochran BC, et al. Neurotoxicology. 2002 Oct;23(4-5):479-86.
Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid. Packer L, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22(1-2):359-78.
Lipoic acid confers protection against oxidative injury in non-neuronal and neuronal tissue. Lynch MA. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(6):419-38.
Chapter 13 in Lipoic Acid in Health and Disease; Wolz, P, Krieglstein J, Neuroprotective Activity of Lipoic and Dihydrolipoic acid. Fuchs J, Schofer, H.; ed. Fuchs J, Packer L, Zimmer G. Marcel Dekker, Inc New York, Basel, Hong Kong (1997) pp205-226.
Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and its enantiomers demonstrated in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia. Wolz P, Krieglstein J. Neuropharmacology. 1996 Mar;35 (3):369-75.

Additional References:

R-Lipoic Acid

1. Pharmaceutical composition containing R-.alpha.-lipoic acid or S-alpha-lipoic acid as active ingredient. Ulrich H, Weischer CH, et al. US Patent 5,728,735, 1998.
2. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Liu J, Head E, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Feb 19; 99(4): 2356-61.
3. Mitochondrial decay in the aging rat heart: evidence for improvement by dietary supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine and/or lipoic acid. Hagen TM, Moreau R, et al. Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:491-507.
4. Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled pilot trial. Jacob S, Ruus P, et al. Free Rad Biol Med 1999 Aug; 27(3-4):309-14.
5. R-alpha-Lipoic Acid Action on Cell Redox Status, the Insulin Receptor, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Moines H, Trios O, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002 Jan 15; 397(2): 384-91.
6. Oxidative stress in the aging rat heart is reversed by dietary supplementation with (R)-(alpha)-lipoic acid. Suh JH, Shigeno ET, et al. FASEB J. 2001 Mar; 15(3): 700-6.
7. Cytokine-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle: redox regulation and the role of alpha-lipoic acid. Khanna S, Roy S, Packer L, Sen CK. Am J Physiol. 1999 May;276(5 Pt 2):R1327-33.
8. Age-associated decline in ascorbic acid concentration, recycling, and biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes--reversal with (R)-alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Lykkesfeldt J, et al, Ames BN. FASEB J. 1998 Sep; 12(12): 1183-9

R-dihydrolipoic acid

1. Antioxidant effects of ubiquinones in microsomes and mitochondria are mediated by tocopherol recycling. Kagan V, Serbinova E, Packer L.Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1990;169:851-857.
2. Packer, L. (1995) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 19(2):227-250.
3. Antioxidant effects of ubiquinones in microsomes and mitochondria are mediated by tocopherol recycling. Kagan V, Serbinova E, Packer L.Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1990;169:851-857.

Medium Chain Triglycerides Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols Suppress Accumulation of Body Fat in a Double-Blind, Controlled Trial in Healthy Men and Women. Hiroaki Tsuji, Michio Kasai, Hiroyuki Takeuchi, et al. J. Nutr. 131:2853-2859, November 2001.
Protective effects of medium-chain triglycerides on the liver and gut in rats administered endotoxin. Kono H, Fujii H, Asakawa M, et al. Ann Surg. 2003 Feb;237(2):246-55
Lipoattransport in der Leber. Akerboom TPM, Peinado J, Sies H. In: Borbe H, Ulrich H, eds. Thioctsaure: Nue Biochemische, Pharmakologische und Klinische Erkenntnisse. Frankfurt am Main: PMI-Verlag, 1989;194-203.
Comparison of the effects of medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm oil, and high oleic acid sunflower oil on plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in humans. Cater NB, Heller HJ, Denke MA. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:41–5.
Medium-chain triglycerides-an update. Bach AC, Babayan VK. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:950-62.

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